An innovative cure for broken water pumps in Africa
IN THE mid-2000s Playpumps International, a charity, hit on a photogenic way of providing clean water to rural African villages: a pump powered by children playing on a merry-go-round. International donors and celebrities pledged more than $16m. But the system was more expensive than alternatives and needed so much “playing” it was effectively dependent on child labour. It became a byword for wasteful Western aid, but it is far from the only example.
At any time around a third of the water infrastructure in rural sub-Saharan Africa, from simple hand pumps to pricey solar-powered systems, is broken. Even after spending billions of dollars most international donors still cannot ensure the pumps they pay for are maintained (just 5% of rural sub-Saharan Africa has access to piped water). Many of the village committees responsible for collecting the fees that should cover repairs are dogged by nepotism and corruption. More often, though, villagers simply struggle to gather money, find a mechanic and source spare parts, says Johanna Koehler of Oxford University. Kerr Lien, a village in central Gambia, reverted to using a manual well for nine years...Continue reading
Source: Middle East and Africa http://ift.tt/2m9IsEW
Israel’s justice minister imposes four new Supreme Court justices
WITH the parliamentary opposition in Israel hopelessly splintered, demoralised and without an agreed leader, it has fallen mainly to Israel’s fiercely independent Supreme Court and its combative media to hold the government of Binyamin Netanyahu to account. No wonder both institutions have been in its crosshairs for years. With four justices reaching the mandatory retirement age of 70 this year, it has had a rare opportunity to influence the court’s make-up.
On February 22nd the justice minister, Ayelet Shaked (pictured), took full advantage of this opportunity. A former aide of Mr Netanyahu and now one of the leaders of the right-wing Jewish Home party, she has been spearheading the campaign for a more conservative Supreme Court. The Judicial Appointments Committee, which she chairs, approved the four new Supreme Court justices. Two of them are religious Orthodox Jews (one of whom lives in a West Bank settlement); another has close ties with right-wing politicians; and the fourth, a Christian who fills the court’s Arab seat, is known for usually siding with the state prosecution.
The appointments came after months of deadlock...Continue reading
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Donald Trump’s military budget plan is less impressive than he claims
THE budget proposal that Donald Trump will send to Congress, proposing to boost the Pentagon’s spending by $54bn next year, is less transformative than the president appears to believe. As Senator John McCain, the chairman of the Senate armed services committee, swiftly pointed out, the 10% increase is only $19bn more than that forecast by the outgoing Obama administration (out of a total annual spend of close to $600bn).
Mr Trump’s conviction that this will ensure America wins its future wars, in contrast to the unsatisfactory outcomes in Iraq and Afghanistan, suggests a limited understanding of those conflicts. Few would argue that a lack of aircraft and ships were the problem. Moreover, in seeking ways to pay for a 350-ship navy, additional fighter planes and more troops for both the army and the marines, Mr Trump wants to slash spending on soft power. Cuts to the State Department’s budget and foreign-aid programmes would probably reduce America’s influence in the world and undermine attempts to make the world stable. The defence secretary, Jim Mattis, while giving testimony to Congress in 2013, warned: “If you don’t fund the State...Continue reading
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America’s Supreme Court hints it may keep a closer eye on the executive branch
ON FEBRUARY 27th, in the midst of a fresh crack-down on undocumented migrants and a pending revision of the president’s travel ban, the Supreme Court heard an immigration case with potentially wide-ranging implications. Esquivel-Quintana v Jefferson Sessions is the first Supreme Court case naming Donald Trump’s new attorney general as a party—though it concerns a matter that took place well before he joined the cabinet. Depending on how the justices rule, immigration authorities may soon either enjoy a freer hand to deport non-citizens or find themselves judicially constrained in these efforts.
Juan Esquivel-Quintana arrived in America from Mexico with his parents at the age of 12 and became a lawful permanent resident. In 2009, Mr Esquivel-Quintana served 90 days in jail and five years on probation for statutory rape. He was found to have violated California’s penal code by having sex, at the age of 20, with his 16-year-old girlfriend. (The law criminalises sexual relations between an adult and “a minor who is more than three years younger than the perpetrator”.) Later, after moving from California to Michigan, Mr Esquivel-Quintana became subject to...Continue reading
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